Rare Jack-in-the-Pulpit cultivars to grow

Jack-in-the-Pulpit, scientifically known as Arisaema triphyllum, is a captivating woodland perennial celebrated for its unique, hooded spathe and spadix. While the species itself is a garden treasure, a world of even more extraordinary variations exists within its genus. For the discerning gardener seeking to elevate their shade garden beyond the familiar, exploring rare Jack-in-the-Pulpit cultivars offers a journey into botanical diversity. These less common forms present a spectrum of colors, patterns, and subtle yet significant differences in their iconic inflorescences, making them highly sought-after by collectors and enthusiasts alike.

This article delves into the fascinating realm of rare Arisaema cultivars, providing insights into their distinctive characteristics, cultivation requirements, and the rewarding experience of growing these botanical gems. Whether you are a seasoned horticulturalist or an adventurous beginner, discovering these exceptional plants will undoubtedly add a touch of the exotic and the unexpected to your garden landscape.

Understanding the Jack-in-the-Pulpit’s Unique Anatomy

Before we explore the rarities, it’s crucial to understand the fundamental structure of the Jack-in-the-Pulpit, which is key to appreciating the variations. The plant is named for its distinctive flower structure, which is technically an inflorescence, a cluster of small flowers.

The Spathe and Spadix

• The Spathe: This is the prominent, hooded, leaf-like structure that encloses the central reproductive parts. It’s often boat-shaped and can vary significantly in color and pattern among different species and cultivars.
• The Spadix: This is the finger-like spike that emerges from within the spathe. It bears the actual tiny flowers. The tip of the spadix, known as the appendage, can also differ in length, shape, and texture.

The beauty of Jack-in-the-Pulpit lies in the intricate interplay of these two components, creating a miniature, sculptural display that is both intriguing and elegant.

Key Differences: Species vs. Cultivars

It’s important to distinguish between the wild species and the cultivated varieties.

• Species: Arisaema triphyllum is the most common species found in North America, typically exhibiting green or brownish-purple spathes with green or purplish stripes.
• Cultivars: These are selected and cultivated varieties that have been bred or discovered for specific desirable traits. These traits can include unusual coloration, distinct patterning, variations in size, or unique spathe and spadix shapes. The term “rare” often applies to cultivars that are not widely propagated or are harder to obtain.

Exploring Rare Jack-in-the-Pulpit Cultivars

The world of Arisaema is vast, with numerous species and even more cultivars. While Arisaema triphyllum is the most familiar, many other Arisaema species, native to Asia and Africa, are also highly prized for their ornamental qualities and are often considered when discussing “rare” Jack-in-the-Pulpit types in a broader horticultural context. However, for the purpose of this article focusing on variations of the familiar North American species and its direct, well-documented cultivars, we will highlight those that deviate significantly from the norm.

‘Grandstand’ (Arisaema triphyllum ‘Grandstand’)

‘Grandstand’ is a particularly striking cultivar of Arisaema triphyllum. Its name hints at its commanding presence.

• Characteristics: This cultivar is known for its exceptionally large and robust spathes, often with a deeper, richer coloration than the typical species. The hooded spathe can exhibit a broad range of colors, from deep purplish-black to vibrant greens, often with prominent, contrasting white or pale green striping. The spadix is typically stout and dark, complementing the dramatic spathe.
• Rarity Factor: While not as obscure as some, ‘Grandstand’ is less commonly found in general garden centers and is more often sought after by specialized plant collectors. Its impressive size and bold coloration contribute to its desirability.

‘Chameleon’ (Arisaema triphyllum ‘Chameleon’)

As the name suggests, ‘Chameleon’ is a cultivar renowned for its variable and often stunning color palette.

• Characteristics: The defining feature of ‘Chameleon’ is the incredible range of color that can appear on a single spathe or across different plants. You might find spathes that transition from deep maroon at the base to pale green or white at the mouth, often with intricate veining. Some specimens can exhibit shades of pink, lavender, or even bright chartreuse. The striping can be very delicate or broad and bold.
• Rarity Factor: ‘Chameleon’ is considered rare due to the variability in its expression. Producing a plant that consistently exhibits its most dramatic colorations can be challenging, making well-colored specimens highly prized.

‘White Jack’ (Arisaema triphyllum ‘White Jack’)

This cultivar offers a refreshing departure from the usual greens and purples.

• Characteristics: ‘White Jack’ is characterized by its predominantly white spathe. While it may have subtle green or pinkish blushing, the overall impression is one of pure, luminous white. The striping, if present, is typically fine and delicate. The spadix is usually a pale green or white.
• Rarity Factor: Pure white forms of Arisaema triphyllum are uncommon and often challenging to propagate reliably, making ‘White Jack’ a sought-after variety for those looking for a lighter, brighter accent in their shade gardens.

‘Purple Leaf’ (or variations thereof)

While not a specific named cultivar in the same vein as ‘Grandstand’, the presence of heavily marked or entirely purple foliage in Arisaema triphyllum represents a desirable and less common trait that can be found in certain lines or selections.

• Characteristics: These selections exhibit foliage that is a deep purple or burgundy, sometimes almost black, on the undersides and often extending to the petioles and stems. The spathes themselves can also be very dark, contributing to a dramatic, moody aesthetic.
• Rarity Factor: While dark-leaved forms of native plants are increasingly popular, consistently dark foliage in Arisaema triphyllum is not the norm and therefore considered a rarer trait, often appearing in specific breeding programs or spontaneous mutations.

Beyond Arisaema triphyllum: Other Rare Arisaema Species

While this article focuses on cultivars of the familiar Arisaema triphyllum, it’s worth noting that many other Arisaema species are significantly rarer and more challenging to acquire, often originating from different continents. Their unique forms, colors, and patterns make them the pinnacle for many collectors. Some notable examples include:

• Arisaema sikokianum: Known for its striking striped spathe and prominent white calli (small, fleshy appendages) on the spadix.
• Arisaema urashima: Features a long, whip-like appendage extending from the spadix.
• Arisaema consanguineum: Characterized by its deeply divided, finger-like leaflets, giving it a very different appearance from A. triphyllum.

These species are often cultivated for their exotic beauty and are significantly more difficult to find than the cultivars of A. triphyllum. Their cultivation can also be more demanding, requiring specific environmental conditions.

Cultivation Tips for Rare Jack-in-the-Pulpit Cultivars

Growing these rare beauties requires attention to their specific needs, which are generally similar to the species but can be amplified by their unique genetic makeup.

Habitat and Soil

• Shade: All Jack-in-the-Pulpits thrive in partial to deep shade. Dappled sunlight beneath deciduous trees is ideal. Avoid direct, hot afternoon sun, which can scorch the foliage and dry out the soil.
• Moisture: They prefer consistently moist, well-drained soil. A rich, humusy loam is best, mimicking their natural woodland habitat. Incorporating compost or well-rotted leaf mold will improve soil structure and fertility.
• pH: A slightly acidic to neutral soil pH is generally preferred.

Planting and Dormancy

• Planting Time: Corms are best planted in early spring as soon as the ground can be worked, or in the fall.
• Depth: Plant corms about 3-4 inches deep, with the pointed end facing upwards.
• Dormancy: Jack-in-the-Pulpits are dormant in the summer heat and winter cold. The foliage typically emerges in spring, flowers, produces berries, and then dies back in the summer as the underground corm goes dormant. This is a natural process, and the plant will re-emerge the following spring. Do not mistake this die-back for a problem.

Watering and Feeding

• Watering: Water consistently, especially during dry spells, to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged.
• Feeding: A top-dressing of compost or a balanced, slow-release organic fertilizer in early spring can be beneficial. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can lead to weaker growth.

Propagation

• Seed: Seeds can be collected from the attractive red berries that develop after flowering. They require stratification (a period of cold, moist conditions) and can take several years to germinate and mature into flowering plants.
• Division: Mature corms can be carefully divided during their dormant period (late summer/early fall or early spring) if they have produced offsets.

Key Facts and Comparison of Rare Cultivars

Here’s a comparative look at some of the rare cultivars discussed:

Pros and Cons of Growing Rare Jack-in-the-Pulpit Cultivars

Where to Find Rare Cultivars

Sourcing these rare plants requires a bit more effort than visiting your local garden center.

• Specialty Nurseries: Look for nurseries that focus on native plants, woodland specialties, or arisaema.
• Online Retailers: Many reputable online nurseries carry a selection of rare and unusual plants, including Arisaema cultivars.
• Horticultural Societies and Plant Shows: These events are excellent places to find rare plants and connect with growers.
• Collector Networks: Sometimes, the best way to find truly rare forms is through connecting with other plant collectors or societies.

Conclusion

The allure of rare Jack-in-the-Pulpit cultivars lies in their ability to transform a shaded corner of the garden into a botanical showcase. By understanding their unique characteristics and providing them with the appropriate care, gardeners can experience the profound satisfaction of nurturing these exceptional plants. From the bold presence of ‘Grandstand’ to the enigmatic color shifts of ‘Chameleon’ and the ethereal beauty of ‘White Jack,’ each rare cultivar offers a distinct opportunity to appreciate the incredible diversity within the Arisaema genus. Venturing beyond the ordinary to cultivate these treasures is a rewarding endeavor for any plant enthusiast seeking to add a touch of the extraordinary to their green sanctuary.