Best Globe Artichoke Varieties for Large Gardens

The Allure of Giant Artichokes

For the discerning gardener with ample space, the globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus) offers a dramatic statement and a truly rewarding harvest. These architectural plants, with their silvery-green, deeply lobed foliage, can grow to impressive sizes, easily reaching 4-6 feet in height and spreading just as wide. Beyond their ornamental appeal, globe artichokes provide culinary treasures: tender, flavorful buds that are a springtime delicacy. For those blessed with a larger plot, the question isn’t if to grow artichokes, but which varieties will thrive and produce bountifully. This guide explores the best globe artichoke varieties suited for the expansive canvas of a large garden, delving into their characteristics, growth habits, and what makes them ideal for those seeking a truly impressive harvest.

Understanding Globe Artichoke Varieties

When we talk about “globe artichokes,” we’re referring to the cultivated variety specifically grown for its edible flower buds. While related to the wild cardoon, globe artichokes are prized for their plump, fleshy “chokes” – the immature flower buds – which are enjoyed steamed, grilled, or braised. The term “variety” in this context often refers to distinct cultivars developed for specific traits like color, size, cold hardiness, and yield. For large gardens, considerations beyond mere flavor and yield become important: disease resistance, vigor, and the ability to produce multiple buds per plant are all key factors.

Key Considerations for Large Garden Artichoke Selection

In a larger garden setting, you have the luxury of dedicating significant space to these impressive plants. This allows you to prioritize varieties that are known for their substantial size and potentially wider spacing needs. However, several other factors should guide your choice:

Climate and Cold Hardiness

Globe artichokes are perennial plants in warmer climates (USDA Zones 7-10) and often treated as annuals or overwintered with protection in colder regions. For large gardens in slightly cooler zones, choosing a variety known for its cold hardiness can be a significant advantage, reducing the need for extensive overwintering efforts.

Disease and Pest Resistance

With more plants, the potential for disease and pest spread increases. Selecting varieties with a reputation for good disease resistance, such as to root rot or powdery mildew, will save you time and resources in the long run.

Yield and Bud Size

While all globe artichokes produce buds, some varieties are known for their higher yields and larger, more substantial primary buds. In a large garden, maximizing your harvest is often a primary goal.

Maturity Time

Artichokes can take a few years to reach peak production. Some varieties mature faster than others, offering quicker gratification. For a large, established garden, this might be less of a concern, but it’s still a factor to consider for succession planting or staggered harvests.

Culinary Use

While all globe artichokes are edible, some are noted for specific flavor profiles or textures. Consider how you intend to use your harvest when making your selection.

Top Globe Artichoke Varieties for Large Gardens

Here are some of the most celebrated globe artichoke varieties that perform exceptionally well in larger garden spaces, offering impressive size, yield, and flavor.

1. ‘Green Globe’ (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus ‘Green Globe’)

• Description: The quintessential globe artichoke. ‘Green Globe’ is an old-fashioned favorite known for its reliable production of large, green buds with a mild, sweet flavor. It’s a consistent performer, making it a solid choice for any gardener, especially those with ample space to let it reach its full potential.
• Growth Habit: Vigorous and spreading, typically reaching 3-5 feet in height and width. It thrives in full sun and well-draining soil.
• Pros for Large Gardens: High yield, excellent flavor, widely adapted, good disease resistance. Its consistent performance allows for a predictable and substantial harvest.
• Cons for Large Gardens: Can be susceptible to aphids, requires good air circulation to prevent fungal issues.

2. ‘Imperial Star’ (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus ‘Imperial Star’)

• Description: This is a more recent introduction that has quickly gained popularity for its early maturity and excellent yield. ‘Imperial Star’ produces medium to large, plump green buds with a tender heart and leaves. It’s often praised for its prolific nature.
• Growth Habit: Compact compared to some older varieties, typically reaching 3-4 feet in height and width, but still substantial. It benefits from well-draining soil and consistent moisture.
• Pros for Large Gardens: Early producer, high yield of quality buds, good cold tolerance for an artichoke. Its slightly more compact growth can still be managed effectively in a large garden, allowing for denser planting if desired.
• Cons for Large Gardens: May not produce as massive individual buds as some other varieties, but compensates with sheer quantity.

3. ‘Violetto’ / ‘Chambord’ (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus ‘Violetto’)

• Description: This variety is prized for its striking purple-tinged buds. ‘Violetto’ (sometimes sold as ‘Chambord’ or other similar names) offers a beautiful aesthetic alongside its delicious flavor. The buds are typically medium-sized with a rich, complex taste.
• Growth Habit: Similar to ‘Green Globe’ in size, reaching 3-5 feet in height and width. It appreciates rich, well-drained soil and ample sunlight.
• Pros for Large Gardens: Unique visual appeal, delicious flavor, good yield. The splash of color adds an extra dimension to a large garden planting.
• Cons for Large Gardens: Can be slightly less cold-hardy than ‘Green Globe’, color intensity can vary with temperature.

4. ‘Artichoke Flower Mix’ (Heirloom Varieties)

• Description: Many seed companies offer an “Artichoke Flower Mix” which may include a blend of different heirloom varieties, potentially including colors beyond green, such as purple or white. This can lead to a visually diverse and interesting harvest.
• Growth Habit: Varies depending on the specific heirloom varieties included in the mix. Expect plants to be robust and potentially quite large.
• Pros for Large Gardens: Variety in color and flavor, opportunity to discover new favorites, can create a stunning visual display in a large garden.
• Cons for Large Gardens: Yield and size can be less predictable than named cultivars, might require more research into specific varieties if you want particular traits.

5. ‘Herzog’ (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus ‘Herzog’)

• Description: A vigorous and productive variety that is known for its substantial size and excellent bud quality. ‘Herzog’ is a less commonly cited variety but one that deserves attention for its robust nature.
• Growth Habit: Grows large, potentially exceeding 5 feet in height and width. It is a strong grower that benefits from ample space and good soil.
• Pros for Large Gardens: Very vigorous growth, excellent bud production, good size. Its strength makes it a good candidate for larger, more established plantings.
• Cons for Large Gardens: May require more aggressive pruning to manage its size if space becomes a constraint, less widely available than ‘Green Globe’.

Key Facts and Comparison of Top Varieties

The following table summarizes key characteristics of the featured globe artichoke varieties, helping you make an informed decision for your large garden.

Cultivation Best Practices for Large Artichoke Gardens

With a larger planting area, you have the opportunity to implement practices that will maximize the success of your artichoke plants.

Site Selection and Preparation

Globe artichokes demand full sun (at least 6-8 hours per day) and rich, well-draining soil. In a large garden, identify the sunniest, most open spot. Amend the soil generously with compost and aged manure to improve fertility and drainage. Artichokes are heavy feeders and appreciate soil that is slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0-7.0).

Planting and Spacing

Given their mature size, proper spacing is crucial, even in a large garden. Allow at least 3-5 feet between plants. This ensures good air circulation, reducing the risk of fungal diseases, and provides ample room for them to spread. If planting seedlings, dig a hole large enough to accommodate the root ball and plant them so the crown of the plant is at soil level.

Watering and Feeding

Consistent moisture is key for healthy artichoke growth and bud development. Water deeply and regularly, especially during dry spells. Mulching around the base of the plants helps retain soil moisture and suppress weeds. Artichokes are hungry plants, so fertilize them regularly throughout the growing season. A balanced organic fertilizer, applied every 4-6 weeks, will support vigorous growth.

Pruning and Maintenance

• Deadheading: Remove spent flower stalks once they have finished producing buds. This encourages the plant to produce more lateral buds.
• Foliage Pruning: In late fall, after the first frost (or before winter dormancy in colder climates), you can cut back the foliage to about 6-12 inches from the ground. This helps tidy the plant and can protect the crown.
• Dividing: Perennial artichoke plants can become overcrowded over time and may benefit from division every 3-5 years. This is best done in early spring.

Overwintering in Colder Climates

For zones below 7, overwintering is essential. After cutting back the foliage, cover the crowns with a thick layer of mulch (straw, leaves, or compost). In very cold regions, you might consider constructing a frame around the plants and covering them with burlap or frost cloth for added protection.

Steps to Planting and Harvesting Your Artichokes

Successfully growing globe artichokes involves a few key stages, from planting to enjoying the fruits of your labor.

1. Choose Your Varieties: Based on your garden’s climate and your preferences, select the best globe artichoke varieties from the recommendations above.
2. Prepare the Planting Site: Select a sunny location with well-draining soil. Amend the soil with plenty of organic matter like compost and aged manure. Ensure good drainage to prevent root rot.
3. Plant Seedlings or Divisions: Plant seedlings or root divisions in spring after the last frost. Space them adequately (3-5 feet apart) to allow for mature size and air circulation. Ensure the crown is at soil level.
4. Water Consistently: Artichokes require regular, deep watering, especially during dry periods. Apply mulch to retain soil moisture and suppress weeds.
5. Fertilize Regularly: Feed your plants with a balanced organic fertilizer every 4-6 weeks throughout the growing season to support strong growth and bud production.
6. Monitor for Pests and Diseases: Keep an eye out for common pests like aphids and slugs, and diseases like powdery mildew. Early detection and intervention are key.
7. Harvest the Buds: Harvest buds when they are still tightly closed and the bracts are beginning to loosen slightly. The primary bud is usually the largest and appears at the top of the stalk. Cut the stalk with about an inch or two of stem attached.
8. Encourage Secondary Buds: After harvesting the main bud, the plant will often produce smaller lateral buds along the stalk. Continue to harvest these as they mature.
9. Prepare for Winter (if applicable): In colder climates, cut back foliage after frost and protect the crown with mulch or other insulating materials.

Pros and Cons of Growing Globe Artichokes in Large Gardens

Even with ample space, there are advantages and disadvantages to consider when dedicating significant portions of your garden to these impressive plants.

Conclusion

For those with the luxury of a large garden, embracing globe artichokes is a decision that promises both visual splendor and a rewarding culinary experience. Varieties like ‘Green Globe’ offer classic reliability, while ‘Imperial Star’ provides early and abundant harvests. The striking beauty of ‘Violetto’ adds a splash of color, and robust growers like ‘Herzog’ will fill your space with impressive greenery and delicious buds. By understanding their needs for sun, soil, and consistent care, and by selecting the best varieties for your specific conditions, you can cultivate a thriving artichoke patch that will delight your senses season after season. The investment of space and effort in these magnificent plants is undoubtedly worth the bounty they provide.